Oahu's Diamond Head Crater From Above

The picturesque island of Oahu, renowned for its golden beaches and world-class surf, is the beating heart of Hawaii in more ways than one. Its dramatic landscape has been carved by the forces of plate tectonics and the fiery eruptions of ancient volcanoes. Understanding Oahu’s volcanic history not only offers insight into the island’s geological past but also reveals a fascinating story about the dynamic processes that continue to shape our planet.

Oahu’s Geological Background

Oahu is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands, located at the southeastern end of the archipelago. Like all of the Hawaiian Islands, Oahu was formed by a hotspot – a plume of molten rock that rises from deep within the Earth’s mantle. As the Pacific plate moves northwest over this hotspot, magma rises to the surface, erupting to form volcanic islands.

Main Volcanoes of Oahu

Oahu is unique in that it was primarily formed by the eruptions of two shield volcanoes: the Waiʻanae and the Koʻolau. These eruptions took place over a period of millions of years, giving the island its distinctive topography.

Waiʻanae Volcano: The older of the two, the Waiʻanae Volcano, began its activity around 4 million years ago. Today, the Waiʻanae Mountain Range, stretching along the western coast of Oahu, marks the remnants of this once-majestic shield volcano. The range features several captivating landmarks, such as the iconic Mount Kaʻala, which stands as Oahu’s highest peak.

Koʻolau Volcano: Rising to prominence over 2.5 million years ago, the Koʻolau Volcano’s remnants make up the Koʻolau Mountain Range, which runs parallel to Oahu’s eastern coast. The distinctive profile of the range – especially its sheer, jagged cliffs facing the windward side – is a result of countless erosional forces over millennia, including relentless rain, wind, and the powerful actions of the ocean. The Pali Lookout, a popular tourist spot, provides breathtaking views of the steep cliffs and the lush windward coast below.

Erosion and Valley Formation

Between eruptions, erosion plays a significant role in shaping the island’s appearance. As the volcanoes became dormant, the forces of nature went to work, carving out valleys and gorges. For instance, the Nuʻuanu Valley and its famed Pali cliffs were formed through the erosional action of water, cutting deep into the heart of the Koʻolau Volcano. This constant play between volcanic activity and erosion has given Oahu its undulating landscape, with sharp ridges juxtaposed against verdant valleys.

Volcanic Features and Landmarks

Beyond the major mountain ranges, Oahu boasts various intriguing volcanic features:

Diamond Head (Lēʻahi): Perhaps the most famous of all, Diamond Head is a tuff cone formed about 150,000 years ago. It’s a result of a brief, explosive eruption that ejected ash and fine particles, which then settled and cemented together. Today, it stands as a prominent landmark at the southeastern tip of Waikiki.

Hanauma Bay: Another iconic location, Hanauma Bay, is a marine embayment formed within a tuff ring. It’s renowned for its crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life, making it a favorite spot for snorkeling.

Halona Blowhole: A testament to the power of the ocean and its interaction with volcanic rock, the Halona Blowhole is a tube-shaped formation carved by waves. When the surf is right, seawater is forced through the tube, creating a geyser-like spray.

Cultural Significance

For native Hawaiians, these volcanoes and their landforms are more than just geological structures; they are imbued with cultural and spiritual significance. Legends and myths have been woven around these sites, connecting the people to the land. For instance, the tumultuous love story of the fire goddess Pele and the demigod Kamapuaʻa is said to have shaped many of the island’s landscapes.

Conclusion

Oahu’s volcanoes are silent witnesses to the island’s tumultuous geological past. Their majestic ranges, ridges, valleys, and various volcanic formations tell a tale of a land sculpted by fire and shaped by water. As we enjoy the breathtaking vistas and partake in the island’s many offerings, it’s essential to recognize and respect the geological and cultural forces that have made Oahu the paradise it is today.

North Shore Beaches

Oahu, known as the “Heart of Hawaii”, is an island of unparalleled beauty and cultural significance. From the bustling beaches of Waikiki to the serene shores of the North Shore, a day tour of this magnificent island promises to be an unforgettable journey. In just 24 hours, you can experience the best that Oahu has to offer. Let’s dive into an itinerary that captures the essence of this Hawaiian gem.

Morning

1. Waikiki Beach:

Begin your day with an early morning visit to Waikiki Beach. As you watch the sunrise, you’ll see the iconic Diamond Head Crater silhouette against the glowing horizon. With its golden sands and clear waters, Waikiki is the perfect place to soak up Oahu’s magic.

2. Diamond Head Overlook:

Just a short drive from Waikiki, Diamond Head State Monument offers panoramic views of Honolulu and the Pacific Ocean. The hike to the summit, though moderately challenging, is worth every step for the vistas it offers.

3. Hanauma Bay:

Next, head to Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve, a marine embayment formed within a volcanic cone. Here, snorkeling reveals a myriad of colorful fish and coral formations. The bay is a nature reserve, so remember to treat the area with respect to preserve its natural beauty.

Late Morning

4. Halona Blowhole Lookout:

Continue down the coast to the Halona Blowhole Lookout. This natural wonder shoots seawater up to 30 feet into the air during high tide and strong winds. Just to its right is the famous Halona Beach Cove, often referred to as the “From Here to Eternity” beach from its feature in the classic film.

5. Byodo-In Temple:

Nestled at the base of the Ko’olau Mountains, the Byodo-In Temple is a replica of the ancient temple in Uji, Japan. It stands as a testament to the strong Japanese influence in Hawaii. The temple grounds, with koi ponds and well-maintained gardens, offer a peaceful retreat.

6. Chinaman’s Hat:

Officially named Mokoli’i, but commonly referred to as Chinaman’s Hat because of its cone-like shape, this island can be seen from Kualoa Regional Park. It’s a popular spot for photography, picnicking, and appreciating the landscape.

7. Kualoa Ranch:

This 4,000-acre private nature reserve offers a variety of activities, including horseback riding, ATV tours, and even a film site tour showcasing locations from movies like Jurassic Park and 50 First Dates.

Lunch at Giovanni’s:

Experience Oahu’s iconic shrimp truck culture with a stop at Giovanni’s in Kahuku. Their garlic shrimp plate is a must-try!

Afternoon

8. North Shore:

The North Shore of Oahu is a surfer’s paradise. Even if you’re not here to ride the waves, watching the pros tackle some of the world’s most formidable surf is a spectacle in itself.

9. Shave Ice in Haleiwa:

A trip to the North Shore isn’t complete without indulging in shave ice. Head to Haleiwa town, and choose from a plethora of flavors. Whether you like it simple with just syrup or with the works – including sweetened condensed milk, azuki beans, and ice cream – it’s the perfect treat on a warm day.

10. Haleiwa Town:

Stroll around the historic Haleiwa town, an artsy enclave filled with boutiques, galleries, and eateries. The town’s old-world charm is palpable, making it a wonderful place to wind down.

11. Dole Pineapple Plantation:

On your way back to Honolulu, make a stop at the Dole Pineapple Plantation. Wander through the world’s largest maze, take a train ride through the plantation, or simply enjoy a refreshing Dole Whip.

Conclusion

Oahu is more than just a destination; it’s an experience that melds natural beauty with rich cultural heritage. This day tour barely scratches the surface, but it does offer a glimpse of what makes the island truly special. From the bustling streets of Waikiki to the tranquil beauty of the North Shore, Oahu promises a day of adventure and awe at every turn.

The Hawaii Outdoor Guides Oahu itinerary can be found here: https://hawaiioutdoorguides.com/tours/oahu-circle-island-tour/

Hawaii Ridge Hike

Hawaii’s rich tapestry of dazzling landscapes and vibrant biodiversity has made it a revered destination for nature enthusiasts worldwide. The islands’ vast terrain is adorned with lush rainforests, soaring cliffs, flowing volcanoes, and serene beaches, offering trekkers an array of spectacular vistas to discover. This article spotlights some of Hawaii’s most popular hiking trails.

First on the list is the iconic Kalalau Trail on Kauai island. This rugged 22-mile round-trip trek weaves along the Napali Coast, offering jaw-dropping views of emerald valleys, sparkling waterfalls, and secluded beaches. Though strenuous and suitable for experienced hikers, the reward is a remote paradise accessible only by foot, kayak, or helicopter.

On Oahu, the Diamond Head State Monument trail is a must-visit. This short 1.6-mile round-trip hike takes you up a dormant volcano right on the outskirts of Honolulu. Despite the steep terrain, the hike is beginner-friendly, and the breathtaking panoramic views of Waikiki and the Pacific Ocean at the summit are worth every effort.

Another Oahu gem is the Lanikai Pillbox hike, formally known as the Ka’iwa Ridge Trail. This relatively short hike offers stunning views of the azure Mokulua Islands and Lanikai beach. The trail takes you past two old military bunkers or “pillboxes,” lending a historical aspect to the hike.

Next is the Kilauea Iki Trail on the Big Island, taking you through the heart of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. This 4-mile loop offers a unique experience of walking on a volcanic crater floor while marveling at the lush rainforest around. Expect steam vents, native bird species, and a close encounter with the power of Mother Nature.

Also located on the Big Island is the Pololu Valley Lookout. This hike is shorter but surprisingly diverse. It begins with a stunning overlook of the Pololu Valley, then descends quickly to a beautiful black sand beach. The adventurous can continue hiking along the coastline for more impressive views.

On Maui, the Pipiwai Trail is a standout. Located in Haleakala National Park, this 4-mile round-trip journey takes hikers through a breathtaking bamboo forest and past a banyan tree that’s several hundred years old. The trail culminates at the towering 400-foot Waimoku Falls.

Lastly, the Sliding Sands Trail also in Haleakala National Park, takes hikers into the depths of the Haleakala volcano. The terrain feels otherworldly, with the landscape varying from cinder cones to sands in shifting hues of red and black. The 11-mile round-trip trek provides a challenging but extraordinary experience.

Hawaii’s diverse and stunning natural beauty is best appreciated by exploring its hiking trails. From lush rainforests and volcanic landscapes to breathtaking coastal views, there’s a trekking experience for everyone. Please remember to hike responsibly, respecting the local ecosystem and culture, ensuring these trails remain for future generations to explore and admire.

Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or a novice, Hawaii’s array of hiking trails promises to enthrall, surprise, and captivate you at every turn. So lace up your boots, pack your sunscreen and water, and step into the tropical paradise that is Hawaii. Happy hiking!

Hale O Keawe at Pu'uhonua O Honaunau

Introduction:

In the heart of the Pacific Ocean lies a captivating archipelago known as Hawaii. Beyond its pristine beaches and breathtaking landscapes, the islands are steeped in rich cultural heritage and mythology. At the core of Hawaiian belief systems are their gods, divine beings that have been revered and respected for centuries. This article delves into the fascinating world of Hawaiian gods, shedding light on their significance, roles, and stories that have shaped the spiritual fabric of the Hawaiian people.

Ancient Polynesian Mythology:

Hawaiian mythology, like other Polynesian cultures, is rooted in oral traditions, passed down through generations by storytellers and priests. The ancient Polynesians were master navigators, and through their voyages, they spread their culture and beliefs across the Pacific. As they settled on the Hawaiian islands, their mythology merged with the local traditions, giving birth to a unique pantheon of gods.

Kane – The Creator:

At the zenith of Hawaiian gods stands Kane, the father of creation. Revered as the supreme god, Kane is associated with life, light, and the heavens. He is believed to have created the first man and woman, breathing life into them and establishing the cycle of life and death. Kane’s domains include the forests, freshwater, and abundance of the land. He is often depicted with a long white beard, symbolizing his wisdom and connection to the divine.

Ku – The God of War:

In contrast to Kane’s benevolent nature, Ku embodies the fierce aspects of life. He is the god of war, hunting, and agriculture. Revered as a strong and aggressive deity, Ku was called upon by warriors seeking victory on the battlefield. Additionally, he played a crucial role in agricultural practices, guiding farmers to ensure bountiful harvests. Ku’s temples, known as heiau, dotted the landscape, serving as centers for religious and social activities.

Lono – The God of Fertility and Peace:

Lono, the god of fertility and peace, offered a counterbalance to the martial nature of Ku. Associated with agriculture, rainfall, and music, Lono brought prosperity and abundance to the land. His annual festival, the Makahiki, was a time of feasting, games, and celebration, marking a period of peace and homage to the gods. During this time, wars were suspended, and people focused on fostering unity and harmony within the community.

Kanaloa – The Oceanic Deity:

Completing the quartet of major Hawaiian gods is Kanaloa, the god of the ocean, healing, and magic. Revered by fishermen, Kanaloa was called upon for safety and success at sea. He is also associated with healing and is believed to have the ability to transform into various forms, including animals and humans. Kanaloa’s realm encompasses the mysteries of the deep ocean, which held both wonder and danger for the Hawaiians.

Minor Deities and Local Spirits:

Beyond the major gods, Hawaiian mythology also features a myriad of minor deities and spirits, each governing specific aspects of nature and daily life. Pele, the goddess of volcanoes and fire, is one of the most well-known among them. She is both revered and feared for her unpredictable temperament, as volcanic eruptions shaped the islands’ landscapes. Hina, the goddess of the moon, embodies femininity, beauty, and motherhood, and is often associated with powerful female figures.

Conclusion:

Hawaiian gods form a tapestry of beliefs, shaped by the ancient Polynesians’ reverence for nature, life, and the interconnectedness of all things. Their myths and legends continue to captivate the imagination of Hawaiians and visitors alike, serving as a window into a time when gods roamed the islands and humanity’s destiny was intertwined with the rhythm of the cosmos. As Hawaii embraces modernity, the spiritual legacy of these divine beings remains an integral part of the island’s identity, a testament to the enduring power of mythology in shaping cultures and societies throughout time.

Kilauea Summit Eruption With Fumes

Hawaii, a tropical paradise in the heart of the Pacific, is renowned not only for its idyllic beaches, diverse marine life, and unique cultural heritage but also for its spectacular geological features: its volcanoes. The Big Island, the largest in the Hawaiian archipelago, is home to some of the world’s most active and studied volcanoes. This article delves deep into the heart of the Big Island’s volcanic wonders.

1. A Brief Geological Background

The Hawaiian Islands are a product of the Pacific tectonic plate moving over a hotspot, a region in the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises through the process of mantle convection. As the plate moves, the hotspot creates a succession of volcanic islands. The Big Island sits on the southeastern end, and as such, it is the youngest and still volcanically active.

2. Mauna Loa: The Earth’s Largest Volcano

By volume and area, Mauna Loa is the world’s largest shield volcano, covering half of the Big Island. While its elevation is around 13,678 feet above sea level, if measured from its base on the seafloor, it stands taller than Mount Everest! Mauna Loa is particularly notable for its frequent eruptions, which tend to be non-explosive due to the fluid nature of the basaltic lavas, but are vast in volume. Its most recent eruptions occurred in 1942, 1975, 1984, and 2022. The volcano’s sheer size and active status have made it a focal point for scientific studies and monitoring.

3. Kīlauea: The World’s Most Active Volcano

Adjacent to Mauna Loa lies Kīlauea, the world’s most active volcano. Unlike the expansive slopes of Mauna Loa, Kīlauea has a more pronounced caldera and a complex system of rift zones. Eruptions at Kīlauea can occur at the summit or along its rift zones, leading to spectacular lava flows that reach the ocean. The 2018 eruption was particularly significant, as it destroyed hundreds of homes and reshaped the landscape around the lower East Rift Zone. The Halemaʻumaʻu crater at its summit has also been the site of ongoing activity, with a lava lake that has fluctuated over the years.

4. Mauna Kea: The Tallest Mountain from Base to Peak

While Mauna Loa claims the title for the largest shield volcano, Mauna Kea steals the show when considering the base-to-peak height. Starting from the seafloor, Mauna Kea measures over 33,500 feet, dwarfing even Everest by this metric. Interestingly, Mauna Kea is currently dormant, with its last eruption occurring over 4,000 years ago. Today, it’s better known for the Mauna Kea Observatories, a collection of astronomical research facilities that benefit from the mountain’s clear skies and high altitude.

5. Hualālai: The Western Sentinel

Hualālai, on the Big Island’s west coast, is the third most active volcano on the island. Its last significant eruption was in 1801, but it has displayed signs of unrest since. With 100 cinder cones on its surface, Hualālai’s eruptions are explosive and pose a potential risk to the nearby Kona coast.

6. Kohala: The Ancestor Mountain

Kohala is the oldest volcano on the Big Island, having last erupted around 60,000 years ago. It stands as a testament to the island’s geological history, with deep valleys and ridges carved by eons of erosion.

The Relationship Between Culture and Volcanoes

The volcanoes of the Big Island are deeply intertwined with Hawaiian culture. Pele, the goddess of fire, lightning, wind, and volcanoes, is believed to reside in Kīlauea. Legends of her feuds and travels across the islands have been passed down through generations, and many Hawaiians pay respect to her through chants, dances, and offerings.

Conclusion

The volcanoes of the Big Island are not only a testament to the dynamic forces that shape our planet but also serve as a bridge to the rich tapestry of Hawaiian culture and mythology. They stand as both a reminder of nature’s awe-inspiring power and a symbol of the islands’ enduring spirit. Whether you’re a geologist, a history enthusiast, or just a curious traveler, the volcanoes of the Big Island promise a deep and enriching experience.

Beach goers on Waikiki Beach

Oahu, the most visited of all the Hawaiian Islands, is known for its diverse attractions ranging from bustling Waikiki to the serene North Shore. The island is dotted with an array of accommodations that suit travelers of every type – from luxury seekers to budget-conscious visitors. Here, we’ve gathered a list of 30 popular hotels that have earned high ratings and positive reviews from tourists and locals alike. Dive in and find your ideal Oahu abode.

The Royal Hawaiian, a Luxury Collection Resort
Website: The Royal Hawaiian
Nestled on the famous Waikiki Beach, this iconic pink palace offers guests an unmatched luxury experience combined with Hawaiian charm.

Moana Surfrider, A Westin Resort & Spa
Website: Moana Surfrider
Opened in 1901, this historical hotel seamlessly blends timeless elegance with modern amenities.

Hilton Hawaiian Village Waikiki Beach Resort
Website: Hilton Hawaiian Village
A sprawling resort with five pools, numerous dining options, and a daily luau, making it perfect for families.

Turtle Bay Resort
Website: Turtle Bay Resort
Located on the North Shore, this resort is ideal for those looking for a more relaxed ambiance and proximity to world-class surf spots.

The Modern Honolulu
Website: The Modern Honolulu
A chic, boutique-style hotel known for its sophisticated design and vibrant nightlife.

Aulani, A Disney Resort & Spa
Website: Aulani Resort
This family-friendly resort in Ko Olina offers a perfect blend of Disney magic and Hawaiian culture.

Halekulani
Website: Halekulani
With its exemplary service, renowned restaurants, and serene setting, Halekulani remains a favorite among luxury travelers.

Hyatt Regency Waikiki Beach Resort and Spa
Website: Hyatt Regency Waikiki
Overlooking Waikiki Beach, this resort boasts spacious rooms, a top-tier spa, and live entertainment.

Four Seasons Resort Oahu at Ko Olina
Website: Four Seasons Ko Olina
Offering secluded beaches and upscale amenities, it’s the epitome of luxury and relaxation.

Outrigger Waikiki Beach Resort
Website: Outrigger Waikiki
Located at the heart of Waikiki, this resort offers oceanfront views, local entertainment, and authentic Hawaiian hospitality.

Kahala Hotel & Resort
Website: Kahala Resort
A serene hideaway famous for its private beach, world-class dining, and dolphin lagoon.

Sheraton Waikiki
Website: Sheraton Waikiki
Known for its infinity pool, this beachfront resort provides unbeatable views of Diamond Head and the Pacific Ocean.

Waikiki Beachcomber by Outrigger
Website: Waikiki Beachcomber
Centrally located, it’s steps away from shopping, dining, and the beach.

Prince Waikiki
Website: Prince Waikiki
This upscale hotel offers panoramic ocean views, an infinity pool, and a shuttle to upscale shopping.

Ilikai Hotel & Luxury Suites
Website: Ilikai Hotel
A landmark hotel known for its luxurious suites and stunning sunset views.

Embassy Suites by Hilton Waikiki Beach Walk
Website: Embassy Suites Waikiki
Spacious suites and a daily breakfast buffet make this an excellent choice for families.

The Laylow, Autograph Collection
Website: The Laylow
A trendy hideaway with a retro-Hawaiian vibe, rooftop restaurant, and pool.

Surfjack Hotel & Swim Club
Website: Surfjack
This boutique hotel offers a laid-back surf vibe and hosts regular cultural events.

The Ritz-Carlton Residences, Waikiki Beach
Website: Ritz-Carlton Waikiki
Luxury residences that offer gourmet kitchens, deep soaking tubs, and stunning views.

Aston Waikiki Beach Hotel
Website: Aston Waikiki
A vibrant and family-friendly hotel located right across Waikiki Beach.

Lotus Honolulu at Diamond Head
Website: Lotus Honolulu
A peaceful retreat offering boutique accommodations and panoramic views.

Vive Hotel Waikiki
Website: Vive Hotel
A boutique hotel with a personal touch, focusing on guest experiences.

Waikiki Parc Hotel
Website: Waikiki Parc
A modern and chic hotel, ideal for young travelers and couples.

Aqua Oasis
Website: Aqua Oasis
A joyful hotel offering comfort, convenience, and island charm.

Waikiki Resort Hotel
Website: Waikiki Resort
A short stroll from the beach, this hotel offers value for money without compromising on experience.

Shoreline Hotel Waikiki
Website: Shoreline Waikiki
Designed with a nature-meets-neon theme, this hotel is fun and vibrant.

The Equus Hotel
Website: Equus Hotel
An equestrian-themed boutique hotel that offers personalized service.

Holiday Inn Express Waikiki
Website: Holiday Inn Express
Known for its value, free breakfast, and 5th-floor sky deck with a pool.

Park Shore Waikiki
Website: Park Shore
Offering oceanfront views, this hotel sits right across from Waikiki Beach and Honolulu Zoo.

Ramada Plaza by Wyndham Waikiki
Website: Ramada Plaza Waikiki
Offering comfortable rooms, a pool, and proximity to the beach, it’s an excellent base for Oahu explorations.

This compilation provides a snapshot of the diverse range of accommodations available on Oahu. Whether you’re looking for luxury, affordability, or something in between, Oahu’s hotels cater to every traveler’s needs and preferences.

Once Southwest Airlines starts flying to Hawaii (Honolulu (HNL), Kona (KOA), Maui (OGG)) from San Jose (SJC), Oakland (OAK), Sacramento (SMF), San Diego (SAN), Las Vegas (LAS), Phoenix (PHX) or Los Angeles (LAX) Hawaii Outdoor Guides will welcome Southwest Airlines guests on the popular Oahu Island Tours and the Big Island Volcano Tours. For more information, please visit www.HawaiiOutdoorGuides.com or call 808 937 5472 or 888 886 7060.

References:
http://www.globaltourismsummithawaii.com/events/global-tourism-summit/custom-115-90252ee3dc0247afa85eb7aed785f805.aspx
https://thepointsguy.com/2017/05/southwest-to-hawaii/
http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/36407257/speculation-ramps-up-as-southwest-plays-down-potential-hawaii-routes
https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/flights/todayinthesky/2017/05/17/southwest-airlines-says-hawaii-flights-priority/101808310/

To book flights with Southwest Airlines:
www.southwest.com

Southwest Airlines reviews:
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Airline_Review-d8729156-Reviews-Cheap-Flights-Southwest-Airlines

Wir hatten das grosse Vergnuegen, die Reimanns (“Deutschlands beruehmteste Auswanderer”) auf unserer Big Island Tour willkommen zu heissen. Unsere Inseltouren werden taeglich angeboten und wer interesse auf eine deutschsprachige Tour hat, soll sich bitte direkt bei uns per Email oder Telefon melden.

Neben den Big Island Touren bieten wir auch Inseltouren auf Oahu an. Mehr Info dazu gibt es hier: www.OahuOutdoorGuides.com

Und hier finden Sie eine Beschreibung der Oahu Tour auf Deutsch: http://www.cruisetricks.de/oahu-tour-und-das-surferparadies-north-shore/

Oahu Touren finden auch regelmaessig auf deutsch statt. Dazu am besten bitte auch uns direkt kontaktieren.

Wir stehen auch gerne fuer sonstige Hawaii Fragen und Empfehlungen zur Verfuegung.

Kontakt
Telefon 001 808 937 5472
Email info@hawaiioutdoorguides.com
WhatsApp +1 808 937 5472

Hawaii Volcano Tour Group 2 June 2014

Hawaii Volcano Tour Group 29 May 2014